Antenna Design and Simulation
Antenna design in the area of wireless communication is a demanding simulation task. The structures are often relatively complicated and the problem size can be large. Furthermore the radiation into free space has to be modelled accurately.
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) can be used for the design of all kinds of antenna systems, including planar (microstrip), hollow waveguide (horn), and helical antennas. The postprocessing facilities yield every magnitude of interest for an antenna designer, with nearfield plots, SAR calculations, phase center computation, directivity or farfield gain for single antennas or arrays in 3D, polar and xy-plots. The underlying pages contain different application examples
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The telecommunications sector is making great advances aimed at delivering an even stream of high tech devices, covering the significant consumer demands in this sector. EM simulation is increasingly becoming an indispensable tool in the design flow, not only on the antenna level but also on the phone and environmental levels. This article compares simulated results with measurements for several steps in the phone design chain.
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This paper presents the excellent correlation of measurement results to the numerical calculations of a SATIMO dual-ridge horn antenna which include the directivity, boresight gain, and return loss vs. frequency. The structure is electrically large which lends itself, as a result of its efficient memory utilisation, to the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) Time Domain Solver. Broadband, high resolution gain results can be obtained within a single run with as many as 100 farfield monitors being defined.
The results are presented with the courtesy and permission of SATIMO, Italy.
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This article concerns the design of a X-Band squintless horn antenna array consisting out of 96 radiating elements. The full design of the 2.4m antenna blank (including the simultaneous excitation of all 96 arms) has been performed within CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The simulated results have been in an excellent agreement with compact range measurements.
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Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RF-ID) are widely used and are thus one of the fastest growing sectors of todays radio industry, allowing advanced solutions for a variety of applications in the area of authentication, ticketing, access control, supply management, etc. One of the most common band allocated to RFID systems is 13.56 MHz. For this application example operating at this particular frequency band we have chosen a transponder inlay which was created using the ACIS based solid modeler of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® The frequency domain solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® has been applied to accurately predict the input impedance, followed by a lumped element based equivelent circuit derivation to describe the impedance versus frequency.
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Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RFID) are widely used and allow advanced solutions for a variety of applications in the area of authentication, ticketing, access control, supply management, parking, payment, vending,etc. The example presented here is a RFID Readercoil "P81" from Legic Ident Systems and was modeled and solved using the frequency domain solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS). The sensitivity of the computed complex input impedance with respect to substrate tolerances is computed and was compared to measurement data.
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Human head models like the SAM phantom are already regularly used to test the influence on mobile phone performance as well as to check the compliance to SAR standards. However, the hand also influences the field distribution significantly. The following article shows the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) simulation results of a complete Sony Ericsson mobile phone in relation to head and hand phantoms.
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In this article a single periodic open-ended waveguide phased-array antenna with a dielectric radome at its aperture of variable thickness is analysed. As a verification it is shown that the superposition of two independent plane waves shows the same field pattern as the one created by the unit cell model.
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This article demonstrates the application of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) to the analysis of large reflector feed arrays. An array consisting of 19 elements was simulated but a larger array of more than 100 elements may also be simulated since the memory scaling with mesh cells in CST MWS is almost linear. The simultaneous excitation feature in CST MWS was applied to obtain farfield patterns in just a single simulation. A parameter sweep was also carried out to obtain the S-Parameters as a funtion of element feeding postion.
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A standardized spherical phantom head such as the one described in this example is commonly used for SAR investigations and measurements.
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CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® has been succesfully applied to the simulation of a wide-band dual-mode horn antenna which exhibits a rotationally symmetric beam and low side-lobe levels.
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Nearly full-sized performance from a spherical coil only 1/6th as long in the E-plane normal direction as a half-wave dipole antenna.
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The behaviour of a ferrite loaded waveguide antenna is predicted first by a 2D-analytical model and second by CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The results of the predictions are compared with measurements. (Courtesy and permission of KAIST Korea.)
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A multiple band-notched planar monopole antenna for multiband wireless systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a wideband planar monopole Antenna and the multiple U-shape slots, producing band-notched characteristics. This technique is suitable for creating ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with narrow frequency notches or for creating multiband antennas. Various antenna configurations were simulated with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®.
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A UWB dipole antenna composed of circular arms containing a special feeding system is modeled simulated using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®, the results of which are presented in this article. The design, developed by IETR-INSA / Thomson R&D France, shows good broadband matching (3-10 GHz) and an omnidiectional radiation pattern up to 6 GHz.
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This article concerns the application of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) to the simulation of electrically large automotive structures. CST MWS is ideal for such applications since the geometry can be easily imported and modified using the powerful user interface, the accurate and robust PERFECT BOUNDARY APPROXIMATION (PBA)® approximation is exploited, the linear scaling of memory with increasing mesh cells and the ability to simulate broadband in one single simulation. An example of an on-glass antenna simulation is also demonstrated highlighting the versatility of the CST MWS Transient solver.
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An RFID Reader Antenna with the following specifications was designed:
- Frequency: 908.5 - 914 MHz (In Korea)
- VSWR: less than 2 with 50-ohm impedance
- Polarization: circular
- Axial ratio: less than 3 dB @ 908.5 - 914MHz
- Gain: 6 dBi @ 1W transmitted power
- Size and weight: as small as possible
This article is published with the permission and courtesy of Prof. Bierng-Chearl Ahn and his colleagues at Chungbuk University, Korea.
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For a customer given corrugated horn the phase center has been computed using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and compared with measurement data. The simulated results are in very good agreement with measurements. Measurements were provided with courtesy and permission of Kathrein Werk KG, Rosenheim, Germany.
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This article demonstrates the simulation of an electrically large antenna. The design and numerical results are courtesy and permission of Chelton Antennas, France. The antenna operates at 8 GHz and was simulated using the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® Transient Solver which is, as a result of its efficient memory scaling, ideal for such electrically large structures - the dish diameter in this example is approximately 20 wavelengths in size.
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In this article the new I! Solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is used to calculate the input impedance of a monopole antenna on a conducting box. This simple example demonstrates the accuracy of the Integral Equation Solver.
Geometry and results are from the paper "The Input Impedance of a Monopole Antenna Mounted on a Cubical Conducting Box“ by Shyamal Bhattacharya, Stuart A. Long, Donald R. Wilton. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP 35, No. 7, July 1987. The
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Microwave Engineering Europe's (MWEE) EM simulation benchmark has become quite a tradition over the last few years, enticing some of the best known software providers to put their diverse simulation methods to the test.
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This huge Pillbox Antenna was optimised by one of our customers even during the evaluation period of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
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This note shows simulation results for a printed Dipole Antenna with integrated Balun. The design is based on the article "3-D FDTD Design Analysis of a 2.4-GHz
Polarization-Diversity Printed Dipole Antenna With Integrated Balun and Polarization-Switching Circuit for WLAN and Wireless Communication Applications" by Huey-Ru Chuang, and Liang-Chen Kuo, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 51, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2003
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The problem described consists of the optimization of a seven element antenna array in order to improve the radiating performance. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of native, true multi-objective optimization techniques, available today in modeFRONTIER4®, a ready-to-use multi-objective environment, directly driving CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS), and taking advantage of some useful interactive postprocessing tools.
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The article presents an antenna-based approach to near-field imaging and spectroscopy, which can be used for both continuous-wave and pulsed broadband electromagnetic radiation from microwave to terahertz frequencies. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) was used to perform the simulations.
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